小作文首段(引言段)写法：  补充、删减、替换

补：1. 表格类型说具体；

2. 国家名（≤3个）列齐

3. 表格作比较的条目名称照抄（有时需要同义转换）。

减：1. 题干中的below；

替：尽可能多的同义替换（词à词；对比较条目的转述；时间段的表达）

1. 【原题】 The graph below shows the proportion of different categories of families living in poverty in Australia in 1999.

à 【引言段范例】The pie chart compares the percentage of different types of households living in poor families in Australia in 1999.

 1

引言段常用词汇同义替换列举

show——compare; depict，illustrate, describe, provide,give the information about

proportion——percentage

information——data

number——figure

family——household

different——various; diverse

regarding——about

categories——kinds; types; groups

demand——need

spending (on sth.)——expense; expenditure (on sth.)

males——men

females——women

subway——underground railway; tube; metro

the UK——Britain

2

常用时间类同义替换表达总结

特殊时间点（巧用beginning/ middle/ end + century）

in 1900——at the beginning of the 20th century

in 1950——in the middle of the 20th century

in 2000——at the end of the 20th century; at the beginning of the 21st century

特殊时间段（巧用decade/ half + century; in the 1900s）

1900-1999——in the 20th century; in the 1900s

1990-1999——in the 1990s

1900-1920——during the first two decades of the 20th century; in the early 1900s

1900-1950——during the first half of the 20th century

1950-2000——during the second half of the 20th century

1990-2000——during the last decade of the 20th century; in the late 1900s

非特殊时间段（勤做“计算”）

1960-1980——over 20 years from 1960 to 1980

                   ——throughout a 20-year period since 1960

                   ——during the course of 20 years since 1960

3

首段模板句式

1. the table illustrates the changes in the number of...over the period from...to...

该表格描述了在...年之...年间...数量的变化。

2. the bar chart illustrates that... 该柱状图展示了...

3. the graph provides some interesting data regarding...

该图为我们提供了有关...有趣数据。

4. the diagram shows (that)... 该图向我们展示了...

5. the pie graph depicts (that).... 该圆形图揭示了...

6.this is a line graph which describes the trend of...

这个线图描述了...的趋势。

7. the figures/statistics show (that)... 数据（字）表明...

8. the tree diagram reveals how...

该树型图向我们揭示了如何...

9. the data/statistics show (that)...

该数据（字）可以这样理解...

10.  this is a graph which illustrates...

这个图表向我们展示了...

11.  this table shows the changing proportion of a and b from...to...

该表格描述了...年到...年间a与b的比例关系。

12.  the graph, presented in a pie chart, shows the general trend in...

该图以圆形图形式描述了...总的趋势。

13.  this is a column chart showing... 这是个柱型图，描述了...

14.  as can be seen from the graph, the two curves show the fluctuation of...

如图所示，两条曲线描述了...的波动情况。